工作单位的竞争：Workplace competition

　　You could say that some individuals are just more confident and demanding than others. They might be seen as bullies but believe they didn't mean to cause any harm. There is even a new expression for them: "alpha males"。

　　alpha male雄性领袖、群体领袖

　　a one off只有一次，下不为例

　　Modern companies value cooperation. People's wellbeing can increase productivity and many countries have introduced laws against bullying, which have become part of the companies' human resources policy。

　　Competition in the workplace can be fierce but how far should people go to succeed? Bullying has become a common word in business in the 21st century. The aggressive boss, the intimidating colleague - do they just come with the territory? Do we have to suffer in silence? Is bullying just part of human nature?

　　intimidating令人生畏的

　　intentional有意的

　　He says that supervisors have a responsibility as communicators to make sure that subordinates are getting an accurate perception of their behaviour。

　　supervisor主管

　　to come with the territory不可避免的，理应如此的

　　human resources人力资源

　　And what sort of behaviour falls into this category? Even experts recognise it could be difficult to define exactly what constitutes bullying. Helene Guldberg has a PhD in developmental psychology from the University of Manchester in the UK. She says bullying is "something that is intentional and involves some kind of power imbalance, so it's not an argument between equals"。

　　Glossary 词汇表

　　cooperation合作

　　abusive虐待的，侮辱的

　　subordinate下属

　　Vocabulary: bullying 词汇： 以强凌弱(来源：BBC英语教学)

　　A 2014 survey conducted by the Workplace Bullying Institute in the US has suggested that 27% of Americans have suffered abusive conduct at work; another 21% have witnessed it。

　　harm伤害

　　But Darren Treadway, at State University of New York, has studied bullying in the workplace and come to believe that it's all about perception。

　　aggressive咄咄逼人的

　　perception感知、印象，看法

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